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CAN WORK BE DETRIMENTAL?

Working Excessively Questionnaire (WEQ): The Development and Validation

Psychology in Practice

For some, excessive workload is a source of satisfaction, while for others it stems from the desire to meet one's own and external expectations.

Sometimes a fulfilling job fulfills one's life because it provides everything that is needed to be happy.  Work can be an accepted way of escaping from one's emotional problems. In some cases excessive workload results from the fear of losing a job and sometimes from poor work organization. Another reason to work excessively may be that it is financially worthwhile. Workaholism is a harmful consequence of excessive workload. Only deep and thorough analysis differentiates workaholism from excessive workload.

The formal structure of the monograph reflects the development of the stages of the Working Excessively Questionnaire (WEQ) in three chapters. Chapter 1 presents  the relationship between excessive workload and workaholism the causes and negative effects of excessive focus on work, and possible theoretical explanations of the phenomenon of workaholism. Chapter 2 discusses the various research methods used in studies of workaholism and describes the foundation of the WEQ and the process of working on its final version. And chapter 3 discusses the correlates of the four scales of the Working Excessively Questionnaire. 

Preface

Chapter 1
Excessive workload

Work and its place in life
The psychopathology of work
Workload
Work addiction
Workaholism as a behavioral addiction (non-chemical addiction)
Workaholism: The moderating effects of individual and contextual factors
The most obvious negative consequences of workaholism
Subjective effects
Work-family conflict
The organizational effects
Theoretical explanations of workaholism

Chapter 2
Refinement and further validation of the working excessively questionnaire (WEQ)

Various measures of workaholism
Questionnaire to measure work addiction (WART).
Spence and Robbins’ scales to test workaholism (WorkBAT)
Abbreviated scale to test workaholism (WorkBAT-R)
Sub-scale of the questionnaire Schedule for Nonadaptive Personality (SNAP-Work)
Scales for testing susceptibility to workaholic behaviors (SWBT)
Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS)
Workaholism Analysis Questionnaire (WAQ)
Bergen Work Addiction Scale (BWAS)
The Scale of Being Absorbed by Work (SZAP)
Multidimensional Questionnaire for Workaholism Assessment (WKOP
Conclusions
Methodological consequences
Conceptualizing our questionnaire
Item pool development
Final refinement of the questionnaire .
The sample
Scale statistics
Scale reliabilities and intercorrelations
Criterion analysis
Criterion-related and construct validity
Correlations with self-reported symptoms of work addiction .
Content sub-scales analysis
Summary

Chapter 3
Analyzing correlates of the Working Excessively Questionnaire (WEQ)

Scales and questionnaires used in the research
Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI)
Internal-External Locus of Control at Work Scale
Temperament Survey for Adults (EAS-TS)
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)
The Hope Scale
Need for Achievement Questionnaire
The Relationships Questionnaire (RQ)
The Lack of Control over Work Scale and its correlates
The relationship between lack of control over work and locus of control
The relationship between lack of control over work and identity integration and other components of self-esteem
The relationship between lack of control over work and work seniority
The relationship between lack of control over work and sense of mission
The relationship between lack of control over work and temperament traits
Conclusion
Perfectionist Working Style Scale and its correlates
The relationship between perfectionist working style and perceived self-control and other components of self-esteem
The relationship between perfectionist working style and locus of control
The relationship between perfectionist working style and hope for success
The relationship between perfectionist working style and temperament traits
Conclusion
General Beliefs about Work Scale and its correlates
The relationship between assigning a specific role to work and the assessment of a person’s own competences and intimate relationships
The relationship between the attachment pattern and beliefs about work
The relationship between assigning an important role to work, sociability, and a person’s hope for success
Defining a person’s value based on their work and their willingness to enter into intimate relationships
The relationship between general beliefs about work and sense of mission
The relationship between general beliefs about work and traits of temperament and character
Conclusion
Perceived Oppressiveness of Organization Scale and its correlates
The relationship between perceiving the organization as oppressive and locus of control and tendency to react with negative emotional arousal
The relationship between work position and perceived oppressiveness of the organization
The relationship between perceived oppressiveness of the organization and defensive self-enhancement
The relationship between perceived oppressiveness of the organization and sociability
Conclusion

Conclusion
References

128 pages, Paperback